Activated carbon is a kind of black powder, granular or pellet with porous amorphous carbon, main ingredients for carbon, also contain a small amount of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and chlorine.Also has the fine structure of graphite as, just smaller grain size, layer upon layer between the irregular accumulation.Has a larger surface area (500 ~ 1000 m2 / g), has a strong adsorption, can adsorption on the surface of gas, liquid or colloidal solid;For gas, liquid, adsorption material quality can be close to the quality of the activated carbon itself.With selective adsorption, nonpolar substance than polarity easier to adsorption.In the same series of material, the higher the boiling point of material, the more easily by adsorption, the greater the pressure temperature, the lower the concentration, the greater the adsorption capacity is larger.Conversely, reduced pressure, temperature of gas desorption.Often used in gas adsorption, separation and purification, solvent recovery, liquid sugar, petroleum oil, glycerin, drugs, drinking water and refrigerator deodorant, gas masks in the filter poison, also can be used as a catalyst or the carrier of metal salt catalysts.Early in the production of activated carbon materials for wood, hard shells or animal bones, then mainly adopt coal, after carbonization and activation treatment for activated carbon production methods are: (1) steam, gas, activation method.The use of steam or carbon dioxide carbon activation in 850 ~ 900 ℃.(2) chemical activation method.Using gas emitted by activator, or with activator soaking raw material, activated carbon can be obtained after heat treatment.
　　Activated carbon with microcrystalline structure, crystallite arrangement completely irregular, crystal with micro holes (radius of less than 20 [el] = 10-10 meters), transition hole (radius of 20 ~ 1000), the big hole radius (1000 ~ 100000), inner surface, giving it a great specific surface area is 500 ~ 1700 m2 / g.This determines the activated carbon has good adsorption, can adsorption of the metal ions in waste water and exhaust gas, harmful gas, organic pollutants, pigment, etc.Activated carbon in industrial application also requires a large mechanical strength, wear-resisting performance is good, its structural stability, adsorption energy required is small, for regeneration.Activated carbon used in oil, beverage, food, drinking water decoloring, flavour, gas separation, solvent recovery, and air conditioning, as adsorbent for catalyst carrier and gas masks.
　　Physical properties:
　　Activated carbon is a kind of multiple aperture of carbon, there is a very rich pore structure, and has good adsorption properties, and its role by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption force, and its appearance in black color.Its ingredients except the main carbon, also contains a small amount of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and its structure looks like in a hexagon, due to the irregular hexagon structure, identified the more definite and also the characteristics of high surface area, per gram of activated carbon to the surface of the than equivalent to more than 1000 square meters.